We reexamine the original derivations of quantum mechanics, published 100 years ago, to test the accuracy of the formulations and the logic underlying them, and we find that attempts were not made to describe atomic processes continuously in time. To correct this omission we show that matrix mechanics clearly describes the continuous absorption of thermal energy that causes the hydrogen line spectra, where energy and cause follow the same path. When the same methods are used to inspect the emission process as determined by the wave function we find that energy and cause do not follow the same path. We conclude that failure to follow strict causality is the reason that the wave function is neither physical nor real. Energy-cause superposition is hypothesized to be a universal principle of nature, true not only for atomic systems but for material systems throughout the cosmos and for life as well. It is also equivalent to the action principle, ∫Ldt, which is fundamental to all of physics.

Background: Breast cancer, a prevalent malignancy in women, varies biologically across subtypes defined by ER, PR, and HER2. c-Myc, a critical tumor promoter, modulates metabolic pathways that increase glucose uptake, fueling rapid tumor growth and presenting a potential therapeutic target. Moreover, biomarkers such as LDH (cancer metabolism), HbA1c (long-term blood sugar), AST/ALT (liver function and toxicity), CA27-29 (breast cancer-specific marker), and lipid profiles (metabolic alterations) were analyzed. Objectives: This study aims to investigate the role of c-Myc and metabolic markers, including LDH, HbA1c, ALT, AST, and lipid profile, in cancer metabolism, with a particular focus on the Luminal A and HER2-positive breast cancer subtypes. Furthermore, it explores the significance of CA 27.29 as a potential marker for assessing the progression and aggressiveness of these subtypes of breast cancer. Materials and Methods: The study involved 80 women (aged 34-58): 22 with Luminal A, 22 with HER2-positive breast cancer, and 36 age-, sex-, and BMI-matched healthy controls. c-Myc levels were measured using ELISA kits. Results: c-Myc levels were significantly higher in breast cancer patients (4.68±3.59 ng/ml) than controls (0.83±0.50 ng/ml). CA 27-29 levels were also elevated. Metabolic parameters, including LDH, HbA1c%, ALT, AST, and lipid profiles (except HDL), showed significant changes, with lower HDL in cancer patients. HER2-positive patients had higher CA 27-29 and LDH levels, suggesting greater treatment resistance and disease progression, with no significant differences in other markers. Conclusion: Monitoring metabolic markers, particularly c-Myc, is essential for understanding cancer metabolism and underscores the need for targeted therapies to enhance prognosis and treatment outcomes, especially in aggressive HER2-positive breast cancers.

The objective was to understand phenomena related to the efficiency function of the Brazilian justice system by estimating 16 Generalized Linear Models [GLM]. The Crisp-DM and Rastro-DM methodologies provided a summarized overview of the learning and optimization trajectory. The Global Justice (60) entities include the State Courts of Justice [TJEstaduals] (27), Regional Labor Courts (27) [TRTs], and Federal Regional Courts [TRFs] (6). The initial analysis of four straightforward linear models linked efficiency to time from 2014 to 2021. The significance of the parameters from the TJEstaduals sample led to their selection for the multivariate modeling stage, which included nine variables covering the entire timeframe from 2009 to 2022. In the study of five TJEstaduals models (27), the explanatory variables new cases (ch) and computers per user (inf2) proved significant in all cases. The complete model demonstrated a better alignment with the efficiency phenomenon, free from the effects of multicollinearity or heteroscedasticity. In the detailed component analysis of ch unit features, the most accurate estimate was the ARIMA prediction (0,0,0) with a zero mean, no constant trend, and one lag minor MAPE error, showing no ARCH effects or residual correlation. Using data from the Global model (60), covering the period from 2015 to 2019 without distinguishing between court or justice categories, seven new models were examined, applying efficiency adjustments using dummies for count data. The optimization was achieved with the Zero-Inflated Negative Binomial [ZINB] model, which characterizes the efficiency phenomenon due to the superposition of data inflated with zeros.

Slovenia as one of the European Union member states has a very high percentage of children included in organized forms of preschool education (percentage amounting to 88,5% for the year 2015/16). In the country, inclusive and special, supportive and rehabilitation programs for diverse groups of preschool and school children with special needs (CSN) are carried out. The Slovenian educational legislation enables CSN to enter one of the two preschool programs. The first one is adapted preschool program with additional professional assistance, taking place in regular kindergarten classes. The second one is adapted preschool program; it takes place in the do-called developmental kindergarten classes and is intended for children with pronounced developmental deficiencies. Both programs enable maximum special-pedagogical and social adaptation to the child’s needs and abilities.\nThe study has proven that the legislation change and reorganization of placement procedures have no major impact. A trend of constant increase of inclusion of CSN (throughout the monitored five year period) into the regular kindergarten classes can be noticed. The study confirmed a slight connection between the number of placed CSN and the number of residents in an individual regional unit as well as between the placed CSN and the number of live-born children in 2015/16. Our study proves that continuous, intensive inclusion processes, enabling an earlier and better detection of CSN, are present in the country for a lengthy period of time. Also CSN with more prominent developmental deficiencies are mainly included in regular kindergarten classes, where they get an optimal support.

Highly stable semiconducting silver doped zinc oxide nanoparticles (2.99 nm) have been synthesized from reducing chemicals of medicinal plant Prunus cerasifera (Rosacea family). Ag was doped onto ZnO by weight percent (0.2 – 2.0%) method. Synthesized Photocatalyst nanoparticles were analyzed via Ultraviolet spectroscopy (UV-vis), Fourier Transform Infrared analysis (FTIR), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and band gap was calculated. Silver doped zinc oxide nanoparticles exhibited face centered cubic geometry while the size ranged between 72.11 – 100 nm with rough surface morphology. Organic dyes Methyl Orange, Safranin O and Rhodamine B have been sustainably photodegraded with silver doped zinc oxide nanoparticles in direct solar irradiance, which yielded remarkable degradation percentages upto 85.52% in 35 minutes with pseudo first order reaction kinetics (R2 =0.98, 0.99 and 0.97). Furthermore, silver doped zinc oxide nanoparticles inhibited the activity of agriculturally significant nine pathogenic bacterial and fungal strains i.e. Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri, Pseudomonas syringae, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus terreus, Penicillium chrysogenum, Fusarium solani and Lasiodiplodia theobromae. Facile, biomimetic synthesis route produced Ag doped ZnO nanoparticles as potential green remediators of polluted water and plant pathogens.

Machining fixture is a precision device meant for locating and constraining the workpiece during machining. Fixture mainly consists of locators, clamps, and support pads. The functions of these elements are to position the workpiece correctly with respect to machine tool, hold the workpiece rigidly in position, and support the workpiece during the machining operation. Dimensional and form accuracy of a work piece are influenced by the fixture layout selected for the machining operation. The position of fixture elements is called as fixture layout. The fixture layout influences the work piece deformation during the machining process. Hence optimization of fixture layout to minimize the work piece deformation is one of the critical aspects in the fixture design process. In this paper, the fixture layout is first optimized by discrete fixture layout optimization method [DFLOM] with a defined five different node systems. The optimal fixture layouts for the five node systems are ranked in the ascending order of the least workpiece deformation values, and finally fixture layout is optimized for the reduced range of distance calculated for each fixturing element using Genetic Algorithm based continuous fixture layout optimization method[CFLOM]. Using reduced range of distance of fixturing elements obtained from CFLOM as input to the integrated fixture layout optimization method, minimizes further the workpiece elastic deformation.

Optimization of fixturing elements in the fixture layout is important in manufacturing industry now a days. So the objective of this paper is to find the optimum position for each clamps and locators. In this work the impulse force is applied during slot milling operation. The integrated fixture layout optimization method (IFLOM) used in this work which takes advantages of Discrete fixture layout optimization method (DFLOM), and Continuous fixture layout optimization method (CFLOM). Simulated Annealing (SA) is the optimization technique used in this work. The Finite Element method is used to calculate the workpiece deformation during machining. The fixture layout gives minimum deformation value is concluded as optimal fixture layout.

Various reactions are described in this work. The derivatives of eugenol are obtained by simple reagents or optically active catalysts

PURPOSE:\nTo compare image quality and radiation doses of low kilovolt (kV) “prospective ECG-triggering” (PT) and standard “retrospective ECG-gating” (RG) coronary computed tomography (CT) angiography.\nMATERIALS AND METHODS:\nA total of 101 consecutive patients (76 males, 25 females; mean age: 55.44±8.28) with low-to-intermediate risk status for coronary artery disease and with a body mass index (BMI) of <30 kg/m² were prospectively included in the study. The images were acquired with a 64- detector (128-slice) CT using tube current modulation technique. PT CT technique (100 kV, heart rate [HR]<70) was applied in 59 patients while RG CT technique (120 kV, HR≥70-90) was applied in 42 patients. The study was approved by the ethics committee. All patients provided informed written consent.\nRESULTS:\nNo significant difference was found between age, sex and BMI of both groups (p>0.05). Mean image quality score was 2.87±0.25 for low kV PT CT technique and 2.73±0.31 for RG CT technique, which was statistically significant (p<0.05). No statistically significant difference was found between groups for signal-noise and contrast-noise ratios (p>0.05). The mean effective dose was 1.43±0.3 mSv for low kV PT CT technique while it was 8.20±2.36 mSv for RG CT technique (p<0.001). Kappa value for interobserver agreement of image quality assessment was minimum κ=0.574 and maximum κ=0.926.\n2\nCONCLUSION:\nIn low kV PT CT technique radiation dose is significantly reduced without loss of image quality. This technique can reliably be used in patients with BMI<30 kg/m² and HR less than 70 bpm.

This study aimed to identify the significant factors for good glycemic control among Tamil adults with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) in the Teaching Hospital, Batticaloa. A case -control study was conducted among 339 patients with T2DM in medical clinics. Cases (n=113) were patients with T2DM who had fasting blood sugar ≤ 110mg/dl in at least last 3 consecutive occasions during last 6 months and controls (n=226) were patients with T2DM who had fasting blood sugar ≥ 111 mg/dl in at least last 3 consecutive occasions during last 6 months. The validated and pre-tested interviewer administered questionnaire was used to collect data. Binary logistic regression analysis was performed by controlling confounding factors. Duration of T2DM (OR 0.30, 95% CI=0.14 - 0.64), rural residence (OR=2.08, 95% CI= 1.04 - 4.15), regular exercise (OR 5.96, 95% CI=3.08 – 11.51), fixed time for consumption of medication (OR 4.22, 95% CI=1.59 – 11.24), regular clinic follow-up (OR 4.61, 95% CI=1.22 – 17.34) and normal body weight (BMI < 23 Kg/m2) (OR 0.15, 95% CI=0.07 – 0.31) were found to be the significant factors for good glycemic control in the multivariate logistic regression model. Patients with T2DM should be advised on regular exercise, body weight and regular follow up to achieve good glycemic control.

Trombe wall is one of the unique features in passive solar house development, which facilitates heat storage. A mathematical model of semitransparent photovoltaic thermal Trombe wall (SPVT-TW) with air ducts (or vents) has been derived in this paper, for a single room of 30 m2 dimension, for winter season of New Delhi, India. The model is derived considering the energy balance equations taking into account the periodic nature of solar radiation and ambient temperature. Further, the effect of several parameters namely, thickness of wall, mass flow rate, packing factor, absorptivity and transmittivity of PV module on room air temperature and thermal stability have been examined. The performance of vented SPVT-TW has been compared with SPVT-TW without vent. The results illustrate that the thickness of the room should be 0.3 m, with a corresponding thermal load leveling of 0.0038, for vented SPVT-TW, from thermal stability point of view. Also, the room air temperature of 45 oC can be reached in case of vented SPVT-TW, which is higher than SPVT-TW without vent.

The India’s cave mural of Ajanta was shelter for bats ever since it was abandoned in 5th century C .E by Buddhist monks. The bat’s excrement has posed serious conservation issues for both the art works on earthen support and the basaltic stone surface. Although the caves are now free from bat’s, yet their heavy discharge in the past in the cave interiors is showing telling impact in the form of loss of precious paintings and architectural surfaces owing to its physico-chemical characteristics. Further, in the Indian tropical climate the regular cycle of drying and wetting of excrement has intensified damage to historical surfaces. To study composition and behavior of bat’s excreta, it was subjected to intensive analytical examination using SEMEDX, FTIR, Raman spectroscopy etc. for the samples extracted from painted plaster and stone surfaces. Based on the scientific input, a new approach for the removal of bat’s excreta with the use of Phytogel and Cyclododecane(CDO) were tried for decorative surfaces. The techniques have yielded a ray of hope to resolve the unsolved problem of removal of bats excreta from decorative surface, a major conservation issue for this site and \nsimilar other sites in India and elsewhere. This paper deals about the results of our cleaning operations of bat’s excreta from historical surfaces of Ajanta caves based on analytical examination.

This paper is an attempt to characterise the 18th CE Palm leaf manuscript of India`s southern and eastern part based on its structural elements. Investigative studies were carried using polarised light microscope and stereomicroscope for the samples drawn from Indian states of Kerala, Tamil Nadu and Odisha. From the data, it is observed that the palm leaf species of Borassus and Corypha mostly drawn from southern and eastern states of India were extensively exploited for manuscript writing in whole of India. The microscopic observation also showed the weak zones present in the palm leaf manuscripts for suitable conservation measures.

ABSTRACT\nFor several years, gummosis and citrus’ descending death have been attributed to Phytophthora spp species, so bringing them under control is being difficult because of pathogens unawareness. Therefore, the causal agent as well as its symptoms (provoking the death of Persian lime plantings in the state of Morelos, Mexico) were morphological and phylogenetic identified. From 46 orchards of Persian lime, several samples of damaged tissue were collected from their main trunk, and from both their primary and secondary branches. To conduct morphological analyses, codes for gender were implemented, samples sown in V8-agar culture and put under white light at ± 24 °C (75.2°F) for about 2 days. Young colonies begun with a white-colored but, as they grew up, the color changed into a darker one. We carried out molecular characterization in 15 strains which were purified and their DNA extracted using the AP method, but for PCR to be conducted, ITS5/ITS4 primers were utilized. The National Center for Biological Information (NCBI) server was able to establish DNA sequence and the homology; the fifteen sequences were deposited in its gene bank. Having some morphological and molecular characteristics as well as pathogenicity tests, the identification of Lasiodiplodia citricola, L. pseudoteobromae and L. theobromae species was possible. From all isolates, 11 were not aligned to any species which suggest a possibility of having one or two new species of Lasiodiplodia. To our knowledge, the three species of phytopathogen fungus that have been isolated and identified, are now new for Persian lime studies in Mexico.

The anadromous Tenualosa ilish is the most economically important fish in the world and consequently in Iran. The national fish of Iranian contributes about 12% of the total fish production and about 1% of GDP. About 4,500,000 people are directly involved with the catching for livelihood; around four to five million people are indirectly involved with the trade. The present study aimed to estimate 96 hLC50s of silver and selenium on LC50 of nanoparticle of silver and selenium in different life stages of the fish T. ilish in the environment experimental. The LC50 for silver in four stages of fish T. ilish were larvae (0.23 ppm), fry (0.45 ppm), juvenile (0.90 ppm) and fingerling (1.45 ppm), respectively. There was significance difference between LC50 levels in four stages of fish species (P < 0.05) and the LC50 for selenium in four stages of fish T. ilish were larvae (0.89 ppm), fry (0.95 ppm), juvenile (1.12 ppm) and fingerling (1.65 ppm), respectively. There was significance difference between LC50 levels in four stages of fish species (P < 0.05). Variability in acute toxicity even in a single species and single toxicant depending on the size, age and condition of the test species along with experimental factors. Finally, in order of the toxicity of heavy metal in different stage of fish were larvae > fry > juvenile > fingerling, respectively. In conclusion, the toxicity tended to elevate with decreasing fish size.

Quality of groundwater is considered to be of vital importance for all human beings and animals due to its extensive use for drinking purpose. In this connection, 60 water samples collected from rural areas of district DG Khan and Muzaffargarh, Pakistan were evaluated for physicochemical parameters (color, taste, odor, turbidity, pH and TDS), essential metals (Na+, K+, Ca+2, Mg+2), heavy metals (Mn, As, Fe, Zn, Cu, Ni, Cr) and microbiological organisms (total coliform and faecal coliform) which revealed that 47, 30, 27, 31, 57, 12, 8, 23 and 18% water samples were having high concentration of Ca, Na, K, Fe, As, Cu, TDS, total coliform and faecal coliform respectively. Calculation of sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) showed that 22% water samples were not suitable for irrigation purpose. Other than this, health risk assessment due to high content of heavy metals was carried out by calculating CDI and HRI for both adults and children separately. Calculated mean CDI and HRI were found in the order of As>Mn>Cr>Ni>Cu>Zn>Fe and As>Mn>Ni>Cu>Cr>Zn>Fe respectively and overall arsenic HRI>1 in 73 and 50% water samples for children and adults respectively. Pollution index (Pi) for Fe and As was significant among all heavy metals analyzed.

The present study considers a continuous review inventory system for inventory model involving lost sales reduction through capital investment cost function and the reduction of lead time accompanies a decrease of ordering cost. Two forms of capital investment cost function viz. logarithmic and power are employed to reduce the lost sales rate. We also consider two relationships between ordering cost and lead time viz. linear and logarithmic. We develop four inventory models by taking different combination of capital investment cost function and ordering cost lead time relationship. The objective is to minimize the total related cost by simultaneously optimizing the order quantity, safety factor, fraction of the shortages during the stock-out period that will be lost and length of lead time. The lead time demand is assumed to follow mixture of normal distribution. Computer programs using the software MATLAB are developed to obtain the optimal solution and provide six numerical examples to illustrate the models.