The effect of dried citrus sinensis peel (DCSP) on humoral immune response of broilers was evaluated. Four-hundred one-day-old Ross broilers were divided into five treatment groups of 80 each. Each treatment group had four replicates and each replicate had 20 chicks. For each replicate, the birds were given a regulatory diet containing 1.5% DCSP for 3 weeks (day 1-21 of age; group A) or 6 weeks (1-42 days of age; group B). Another 2 groups were given a diet containing 3% DCSP from 1st-21st day of age (group C) or from 1st-42nd day of age (group D). The control group (group E) was not given any DCSP. The mean titers of IgG on days 28 and 42 were significantly different (p<0.05) in control and treated groups but those of IgM were not. The mean antibody titer against Newcastle disease virus (NDV) vaccine on days 7, 14, 28, 35 and 42 were not significantly different (p>0.05), but those of avian influenza (AIV) vaccine antibodies were at days 14 and 28 (p<0.05). The mean of anti-IBV (infectious bronchitis virus) titers were not significantly different (p>0.0). Based on the results of the study using dried citrus sinensis peel did not make significant difference with control group until the end of the growing period (p>0.05) in all experiments included antibody titers of Newcastle disease (ND), avian influenza (AI), IBD, and IBV. It also did not affect the number of white blood cells and lymphocytes, hence it did not recommend its inclusion in the diet.

Hematological assay is used for evaluation of blood changes according to its environment. It’s studied employed to evaluate possible eco-toxic risk due to the exposures of chemicals and pesticides in aquatic organisms. Fishes serve as a sensitive bio-indicator, as changed occur in its surrounding environment. The aim of present study has two-folds first we observed that after exposure of two doses of each class of fungicide i.e. 1.11mg/l, 2.23mg/l for Propiconazole and 11.43mg/l, 22.87mg/l for Mancozeb show maximum blood changes. Second we concluded that toxic effects and blood changes induced by Propiconazole is greater than Mancozeb.

Early detection through serum examining for prostate specific antigen (PSA) and improved procedures for surgical intervention and radiation therapy have significantly decreased the number of fatalities; however, there is still no main cure for men with advanced disease. Prostate tumors growing afflict one man in nine over the age of 66 and represent the often frequently diagnosed cancer in American men. Therefore, much evidence has been dedicated to identifying prognostic markers that distinguish indolent versus aggressive forms of prostate tumors growing. Indeed, less evidence has been devoted to understanding the molecular mechanisms that underlie real prostate growth and development or cancer initiation and progression significantly. We think on key regulatory molecules that have been implicated by result of patterns of allelic loss in man prostate tumors growing and/or by reverse genetic approaches in the mouse. In this review, we address recent expansion due to the central objectives of understanding parameters of real versus unreal prostatic development and of elucidating a molecular pathway for prostate tumors growing progression.

Different methods have been proposed for solution of the static transmission network expansion planning (STNEP) problem up till now. But in all of them, the transmission lines loading rate has not been optimized by binary particle swarm optimization (BPSO) algorithm. BPSO is a new population-based intelligence algorithm and exhibits good performance on solution of the large-scale, discrete and nonlinear optimization problems like STNEP. However, during the running of the algorithm, the particles become more and more similar, and cluster into the best particle in the swarm, which make the swarm premature convergence around the local solution. To resolve this problem and considering lines adequacy rate, in this study, expansion planning has been implemented by merging lines loading parameter in the STNEP and inserting investment cost into the fitness function constraints using an improved BPSO algorithm. The proposed algorithm has been tested on the Garver\'s network and compared with the decimal codification genetic algorithm (DCGA) and BPSO. The results show that the proposed improved BPSO based method by preventing the premature convergence is caused that the network adequacy is increased considerably in comparison with DCGA and BPSO.

D-chiroinositol (pinitol) is structurally related to the phosphatidylinositol phosphates which participate in the insulin signalling pathways to stimulate glucose transport. Pinitol was reported to have insulin like properties. QSAR descriptors of pinitol were calculated using Chem Draw Ultra 8.0 and Chem3D Ultra 8.0. Electronic, steric, and thermodynamic properties of pinitol molecule were calculated by using various computation servers. Steric properties of pinitol molecule were calculated using Topology Indices Server Computations. Electronic parameters of pinitol molecule were calculated using MOPAC Server. Thermodynamic properties of pinitol molecule were calculated using CLogP Server, MM2 Server and CLogP Server Computations. These QSAR parameters of pinitol molecule may be useful in designing further more potent antihyperglycemic leads and in molecular docking studies using protein data bases.