In order to study the effects of irrigation-off at some growth stages and zinc sulfate spraying on the concentration of different elements in corn hybrid K.S.C 704, an experiment was done in summer 2011-2012 in the form of split plot based on randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. The main factor included irrigation with three levels (complete irrigation (control), irrigation-off at tasseling stage, and irrigation-off at milking stage). The second factor included zinc sulfate spraying with four levels of (without spraying, spraying at the stage of eight leaves, spraying at the stage of twelve leaves and simultaneous spraying at the stages of eight and twelve leaves). The results indicated that the highest concentration of Zn, K, Fe, P, Na and the percent of grain nitrogen is related to the irrigation-off at the tasseling stage and the least concentration was at the complete irrigation stage. Considering spraying, the highest concentration of Zn, Na and P was at the spraying treatment at the eight leaves stage and the least was at the without spraying treatment. The correlation of irrigation and zinc sulfate was not significant on the concentration of any of the elements except for the concentration of Mn. In general, irrigation treatment had no significant effect on the concentration of measured elements, while zinc sulfate spraying significantly increased the concentration of Zn, P, Mn and the percent of the grain nitrogen. It seems that with the consumption of Zn, the plant ability to regulate the amounts of Zn, N, and P increases so that they will be absorbed at the right amount by the roots and will be sent to above ground parts but because of the negative interaction of Zn and Mn, with the increase in Zn in grain, the Mn concentration decreases.

In order to study the effect of irrigation-off at some growth stages and Zinc Sulfate spraying on grain growth rate and qualitative yield of corn hybrid K.S.C. 704, an experiment was conducted during summer 2011-2012. The experiment was conducted in split plot based on the Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. Main factors included water stress at three levels of irrigation; irrigation in all the growth stage, irrigation-off at tasselling stage, irrigation-off at milking stage, and the second factors included zinc sulfate spraying with four levels without spraying, spraying at the level of eight leaves, spraying at the level of twelve leaves and simultaneous spraying on both eight and twelve leaves. The results showed that the maximum grain yield, biological yield, harvest index, protein yield, oil percentage, and oil yield were observed on irrigation in all the growth stages treatment and the minimum amount of the factors were observed on irrigation-off at tasselling stage treatment. In the case of spraying, the maximum amount of grain yield, biological yield, harvest index, protein percentage, protein yield, oil percentage, oil yield, the dry weight of a grain, and the rate of the grain growth were observed at simultaneous spraying at both eight and twelve treatment and the minimum amount in most of the factors were observed on without spraying treatment. The interaction effect of water stress and zinc sulfate spraying was not significant except for oil yield, the rate of grain growth rate and the dry weight of a grain. Therefore, it seems that irrigation-off significantly decreases grain yield, biological yield, protein yield, oil percentage and oil yield while zinc sulfate application in the form of spraying increases the tolerance of the plant to the decrease of the above mentioned factors and consequently modified the harmful effects of water stress.

The aim of this study was to determine the effects of different levels aqueous extract of Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) on production performance and immune response of Laying hens. A total number of 240 white Lohman LSL-Lite laying hens at 65 weeks of age were used in this experiment. Four levels of Fenugreek extract including zero (T1), 5ml (T2), 10ml (T3) and 15ml (T4) per liter of drinking water with 6 replicates (n=10) were used during 6-week trial period. The hens performance including hen-day egg production % , feed intake, egg mass (g/hen/day) and feed conversion ratio (FCR, g feed: g egg) was measured. Antibody production against sheep red blood cells (SRBC) also was measured. The general linear model procedure of SAS software was used for data analysis and differences among treatment means determined using the Duncan’s multiple-range test. The results showed that the inclusion of Fenugreek extract had a significant effect on production performance of laying hens (P<0.05). In addition, Fenugreek extract to the drinking water improved immune response of laying hens and a more positive effect was observed when 15 ml/l added to the water. From the results of the present experiment it could be concluded that utilisation of Fenugreek extract to the drinking water were effective for improving the production performance and immune system of laying hens.

This paper aims to estimate and analyze market risk of four (4) major banking and other financial service industries (insurance, investment and financial service, stock investment) in one emerging market: Viet Nam stock market, which has been influenced by the global crisis 2007-2009. \nFirst, we found out in the research sample of total 32 listed firms, that there are up to 81% of firms with beta values lower than (<) 1, meaning with lower and acceptable systemic risk. \nSecond, there are 19% in total 32 firms, whose beta values higher than (>) 1, meaning having stock returns fluctuating more than the market index. And 81% of firms above use less leverage than 19% in total 32 firms.\nThird, among four (4) groups, the systemic risk in the banking industry is the smallest, indicated by the lowest values of equity and asset beta mean. \nFinally, this paper generates some analytical results that could enable companies and government to have more evidence in establishing their policies in investments and in governance.

The aim of this study was to investigate the health risks associated with the man power working in the cement factories at Kashmir, India. In order to study the health hazards of cement factory on workers, three cement factories were considered for the studies which includes; JK Cements Ltd. Khrew, Saifco Cements Ltd. Khonmoh and Khyber cements Ltd. Khonmoh Kashmir, India. Total of 10% of employees in three cement factories were considered for the studies. The workers were administered with the standard format questionnaire which was followed by personal interviews. The results indicate a visible impact on health of workers and during summers the health related problems increases.

The aim of this study was to determine effects of liquid supplement of vitamin E and Selenium (Certiselen E®) on performance and immune response of laying hens during high environmental temperature. A total number of 144 white Lohman LSL-Lite laying hens at 63 weeks of age divided into 24 cages. Four levels of Certiselen-E supplement including zero (T1 or control), 0.5 (T2), 0.75 (T3) and 1.0 (T4) ml per liter of drinking water with 6 replicates (n=6) were used during 4-week trial period. The hens performance including hen-day egg production % , feed intake, egg mass (g/hen/day) and feed conversion ratio (FCR, g feed: g egg) was measured. Antibody production against sheep red blood cells (SRBC) also was measured. The general linear model procedure of SAS software was used for data analysis and differences among treatment means determined using the Duncan’s multiple-range test. The results showed that the inclusion of Certiselen-E had a significant effect on production performance of laying hens (P<0.05). In addition Certiselen-E supplements improved immune response of laying hens and a more positive effect was observed when 1 ml/L added to the drinking water. From the results of the present experiment it could be concluded that utilisation of Certiselen-E in drinking water were effective for improving the performance and immune system of laying hens.

Aluminum toxicity is one of the major limiting factors for crop production in acid soils. Exposure to this metal can cause changes in gene expression and lead to various signs of toxicity in plants. Gene expression of two cultivars of colza plant was analyzed using differential display - PCR technique under aluminum stress. Through the analysis and screening of experimental conditions and primers combination, a number of different bands of Opera cultivar were obtained. By submitting to GeneBank and BLAST comparison, identified chloroplast-related gene fragment.

Employing Remote sensing and Geographical Information System (GIS), morphometric analysis was carried out for Shakkar River catchment (area = 2220 km2) using satellite imageries and topographic maps on a scale map of 1:50,000 to determine its drainage characteristics. Exhibiting a dendritic drainage pattern, the drainage density of the study area varies from 2.84 to 3.67 km/km2 which observed that area is highly permeable and structurally controlled. The bifurcation ratio varies from 3.49 to 5.52 and the elongation ratio vary from 0.47 to 1.00, whereas value nearing 1 are typical of region of low relief. The area is delineated in 8 sub watershed. The morphometric analysis reveals that sub-watershed 3 show lower value of Drainage density and Stream Frequency, Sub-watershed 6 shows low value Compactness Constant and sub-watershed 7 show lower value of Circulatory Ratio and Form factor. The relief aspect lower in the subwatershed 2. And the values of Average slope vary from 9.27 to 88.50%. This study of morphometric analysis characterizes the watershed and helps to understand the hydrological behaviour of the Shakker river watersheds.

Soil salinity among other abiotic stresses is a major threat to cultivated land. Breeding salt tolerant cultivars has always been thought to be an effective and cheaper ways to overcome salinity problem. Salt tolerant and salt sensitive wheat accessions were hybridized to develop genetic material to investigate inheritance of salt tolerance based on early seedling, adult plant and physiological responses. Salt tolerance in low salinity appeared to be a complex polygenic trait. However, genetic models for most responses were poor fit in high salinity and suggested further investigation. Differences in gene expressions in different NaCl concentrations appeared to be due to different gene regulation or interaction and/or involvement of additional or hidden genes. Both additive and non-additive gene effects needed to be considered while designing of breeding programme for improving salt tolerance in wheat and in the statistical model used to locate the salt tolerant QTL. This QTL couple with recurrent selection for specific combining ability of the 4WLRG/1-8 with a good wheat cultivar seems to be a good salt tolerant breeding strategy.

The buoyancy-driven magneto-hydrodynamics flow inside a filled square enclosure with internal heat generation is investigated by two-dimensional numerical simulation. The enclosure is heated by a uniform volumetric heat density. Top and bottom walls are adiabatic and side walls have constant temperature. A fixed magnetic field is applied to the enclosure. The dimensionless governing equations are solved numerically for the stream function, vorticity and temperature using finite difference method in MATLAB software. The Prandtl (Pr) number is 0.733; the Rayleigh (Ra) number was made to vary from 10^4 to 10^7, the Hartmann (Ha) number between 0 and 10^3. The stream function equation is solved using fast Poisson\'s equation solver on a rectangular grid (POICALC function in MATLAB), voricity and temperature equations are solved using red-black Gauss-Seidel and bi-conjugate gradient stabilized (BiCGSTAB) methods respectively. The proposed method is fast and there is no need to the under-relaxation factors for variables. The results show that the strength of the magnetic field has significant effects on the flow and temperature fields. The ratio of the Lorentz force to the buoyancy force (Ha^2/Ra) is introduced as an index to compare the contribution of natural convection and magnetic field strength on heat transfer.