ABSTRACT\nAspergillus niger ANL301 B-1 β-glucosidase was investigated on its effectiveness in optimizing protein contents and cyanide concentrations of cassava peels. Freshly harvested cassava tubers peels were dried in oven at 70oC for 36 hours and milled into fine particles using micro millers. Two 250ml sterilized conical flasks were used for this study, each containing 50g of the cassava peel flour in triplicates. Thirty (30) ml of sterile basal medium was added and thoroughly mixed. The flasks and their contents were sterilized by placing in boiling water at 100oC in a GFL brand water bath for 5minutes and in the autoclave at 121oC for 15 minutes. After cooling, one ml of spore suspension of A. niger was aseptically introduced into the first set of the flasks plugged with cotton wool and dried in the oven at 600C for 24 hours .The second set of flasks had no inoculums, were plugged with cotton wool and dried at room temperature. Results showed that fermentation of cassava peels by solid state fermentation using the A. niger significantly (P < 0.05) enriches the protein content of the waste and drastically lowering the cyanide concentration The significant changes in crude protein and cyanide contents after fermentation suggests it could be used as a good source of protein in compounding animal feeds. These findings will facilitate the development of an improved method for enhancing the nutritional value of cassava peels and other waste products

GCC (Gulf Councel Countrie ) is facing potential water shortages. The alarming increase in the scarcity of water in various parts of the world. Water is a main issue in many countries especially in those GCC, it has focused a global attention on the need for a stronger and more appropriate water resource management and availability solutions. imperative for nations to come up with more focused and direct measures that would address and stem this resource scarcity. Water sustainability needs a balance between demand and availability. The main objective of this paper is the application of these concepts to Arabs countries. Water demand management is about achieving a reduction in the use of water resources, normally through increased efficiency of water application. The management of water resources was not explicitly included in the past from thirty-five years in all most of those countries normative system partly because water was believed to be a free good in mind, and was not accepted to have a price to pay to use it. This work contributed to a low efficiency of water use and waste of it, and water prices are often well below levels needed to cover the costs of the system. Moreover, this contributes to a worse quality of water, and, as quality of water decrease, the management of water resources becomes more challenging and the need to integrate water quality into an overall water resources management grows. The main goal of this paper is showing, how Geographical Information Systems (GIS ) can be used to support infrastructure planners and analyst on water demand of a local area in GCC they are (Saudi Arabia ,Kuwait, Bahrain, Oman and UAE).

Successful academic writing depends on being familiar with different rhetorical strategies .One of these strategies used by authors of scientific articles is the act of criticism, the criticism of the previous works or other members of their respective communities. Actually this helps writers to justify their own study and to create a gap. Therefore the socio-pragmatic variable of Academic Conflict or AC has been investigated in different academic genres and disciplines. This study aims to examine this variable in linguistics papers in Persian and English. To this end a corpus of 60 papers, 30 in Persian and 30 in English, have been chosen randomly. First in a quantitative study the direct and indirect AC variables that have been used for critical speech acts were compared by chi-square test within and between languages and then in a qualitative examine the discourse analysis of important features were examined to show the probable relations to the cultural contexts . The results showed that English writers used more criticism acts than Persian writers and both groups used direct AC more than indirect one . Although both groups of papers are written in different cultural contexts, the strategies used by authors seem familiar and have minute differences and this may show that the effect of discipline and the language of instruction are more than cultural contexts in rhetoric of criticism

Simple method to fabricate the diameter-modulated metallic nanowires was introduced with low cost and short processing time. The 3D nanostructure of anodic aluminum oxide film was produced based on sprinkling electrolyte method in hard anodization technique. The control of the duration of current pulse provides an interesting way to tune the shape of pores and the structure of anodic aluminum oxide film. Template was prepared to ac electrodeposition without removing the barrier layer, by thinning process from hard to mild anodization condition. The scanning and transmission electron microscopy investigation demonstrate the metals electrodeposition process transform the pore profiles into the metallic nanowires

Quality function deployment (QFD) is a systematic method for conveying customer voice in a final product in order to achieve higher customer satisfaction. A group of engineering design requirements (DRs) affecting product performance are identified to maximize customer satisfaction. On the other hand, from the viewpoint of QFDs designers, product design processes are performed in uncertain environments. Therefore, When dealing with the fuzzy nature in QFD processes, fuzzy approaches are applied to formulate the relationship between customer requirements (CRs) and engineering design requirements (DRs) and relative weight of customer requirements. Thus, this paper has attempted using trapezoidal fuzzy expected value operator in order to rank DRs in fuzzy QFD and relative weights of CRs established by fuzzy AHP. In this study for determining the CRs , DRs and their relationship four distribution units and five experts are selected. Additionally, an application in a Sirjan oil factory is presented to illustrate the proposed framework.

Today, according to the increasing spread of information which people deal with, taking advantage of methods such as data mining to extract hidden knowledge from data is inevitable. Due to the extremely high volume of data in many applications and higher importance of new data, storage of these data is not effective in cost, so the data that are processed are always changing dynamically. Another problem in data mining is the issue of clustering of graph data stream. According to a number of existing algorithms for graph data stream clustering, choosing an appropriate algorithm has been challenged. The concept of graph micro cluster has been used in clustering of graph data stream which its challenge is time and space complexity. On the other hand, the uncertainty in edge graph stream should be taken into consideration to ensure reliable results that have not been investigated in studies so far. In this paper, a novel algorithm, for clustering of graph data stream considering uncertainty is investigated in a dynamic environment. Generally, the main innovation of this paper is to provide an approach for clustering uncertain graph data stream possessing a concept drift and dynamic. The results of the experiments conducted in this paper indicate the suitability of the proposed approach to this problem. Its time and space complexity is also reasonable.