In present antifungal activity of Oxalis corniculata L. was evaluated against the Colletotrichum gloeosporioides Penz. responsible for mango anthracnose. Extracts of O. corniculata were prepared in methanol and their various applied concentrations viz. 1%, 1.5%, 2% and 3% were tested against C. gloeosporioides. Maximum reduction (32%) was showed by 1% concentration. Phytochemical analysis of the methanolic plant extract of O. corniculata indicated the presence of glycosides, flavonoids, terpenoids, saponins and tannins. Methanolic extract of O. corniculata was subjected for bioassay guided fractionation. Different organic fractions viz. n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and n-butanol from methanolic extract of O. corniculata were isolated. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of various concentrations from (0.05 mg mL-1 – 0.000195 mg mL-1) of these isolated fractions was check along with a synthetic fungicide. The MIC was recorded for each fraction in interval of 24, 48 and 72 hours. Ethyl acetate and synthetic fungicides were found the most effectual in retarding conidial germination with MIC of 0.000195 mg after 72 hours incubation period. Chloroform also inhibited the fungal growth whereas n-hexane and n-butanol fraction was found ineffective.

hpv

AIM:\nTo study the prevalence of hypothyroidism in low income group urban in pregnant women.\nSTUDY DESIGN:\nThis is a retrospective study includes 1062 pregnant women attending the antenatal clinic at ESI hospital, Sanathnagar, Hyderabad. Thyroid profile is being done as a routine test along with other antenatal profile tests at the hospital. Thyroid profile test includes T3, T4 and serum TSH. \nRESULTS: \nA total of 1062 pregnant women were enrolled for this study. Results showed 20.1% prevalence, of which 14.9% being subclinical hypothyroidism and 6.6% overt hypothyroidism.\nCONCLUSION:\nThe study shows a very high prevalence rate of hypothyroidism in the patients attending the antenatal outpatient department at ESI hospital, Sanathnagar, Hyderabad. This justifies the inclusion of thyroid profile test in the routine antenatal profile.

The field experiment was carried out in the experimental area of Shah Abdul Latif University, Khairpur during Rabi season, 2014-15 on six cultivated mustard varieties viz., S-9, Toria selection, Aghati sarhein, J.S -13, Janbho selection and Sindh raya. The results indicated that sucking insect pest; Lipaphis erysimi (Kalt) appeared from seedling till harvest of the crop. The overall means showed that the maximum population was recorded on T. selection, 28.92 per leaf followed by A. sarhein, 22.45; J.S-13, 13.71; S.9, 13.31; S. raya, 11.55 and J. selection, 10.52. The analysis of variance showed significant differences in the population of pest in all varieties. The predators’ activities were recorded on the varieties having maximum pest activities. Overall data suggested that the population of insect pest and predators remained constant on all varieties. Finally, the less population of the predators was due to less population of aphids. Similarly the predator population was also observed on same 6 varieties of mustard crop namely; S-9, T. selection, A. sarhein, J.S-13, J. selection and S. raya. The overall means showed that the maximum population of C. coccinellids recorded on A. sarhein, 1.36 per plant followed by T. selection, 1.14; S-9, 0.69; J.S- 13, 0.65; S. raya, 0.63, and J. selection, 0.38, respectively. It was concluded that, in starting the predator population was found lesser but when it went in to peak levels the pest aphid population reduced which found to be positive correlation with pest population.

Recent studies in many countries had revealed the impact of many factors including: Satisfaction, Knowledge, Demographic and Attitudinal variables in level of people participation. The main question here is, whether these factors would also be effective on people participation in Iran? The purpose of this research was to investigate communication factors influencing knowleg of farmers’ application of Watershed Management Operations (WMO) in the Kushk-Abad watershed in Khorassan Razavi Province of Iran (85km2). The main purpose of this study is to assess factors that influence people’s participation in Iran. The study consist of all farmers in watershed study (N = 1500), of which 200 is selected through proportionate stratified random sampling technique (n = 200). The study was a descriptive-co relational, survey research. In fact, this research was designed to assess relationship between Watershed projects successful and the level of participation in WMO in Iran. In order to obtain this objective, a cross sectional survey was coducted. Data for this research collected through personal interviews from three villages in Kushk-Abad sub basin in Iran. The scale of Watershed projects successful of WMO and Participation in WMO were in order 0.78 and 0.92. Findings in the study indicated that a majority of the farmers have Watershed projects successful of WMO. The results showed that the level of the participation of WMO is moderate and there is a significant and positive correlation between farmers’ Watershed projects successful of watershed management operations. However according to the findings, the level of economical participation of people are the more than social and environmental participation. Inaddition, the results clarified that the level of the respondents’ Watershed projects successful is moderate to high. This study also proved that participation in WMO is positively and significantly correlated with Watershed projects successful of WMO (r = 0.461, p = 0.000).